📄️ Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code around "objects" rather than functions and logic. Think of objects as containers that hold both data (attributes) and the functions that work with that data (methods).
📄️ Classes and Objects
Classes and objects are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP). Think of a class as a blueprint or template. It defines what something should look like and how it should behave, but it isn't the thing itself. An object is an instance of a class—an actual "thing" created from the blueprint. Every object has its own unique attributes (variables) and methods (functions).
📄️ Inheritance
Inheritance allows you to create new classes built upon existing ones. By using inheritance, you can reuse methods and attributes from a parent class, which makes your code more modular and easier to maintain.
📄️ Composition
Composition allows you to build complex objects by combining simpler objects. This is different from inheritance because inheritance represents a "is-a" relationship (a dog is an animal), while composition represents a "has-a" relationship (a car has an engine).
📄️ Polymorphism
Polymorphism is a core concept in object-oriented programming that allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common type. The word "polymorphism" comes from Greek, meaning "many forms." In programming, it means that a single function or method can work with different types of objects and each object responds in its own way.
📄️ Encapsulation
Encapsulation allows you to bundle attributes and methods that work on that data into a single unit (a class), while also controlling access to that data.